Marketing Concept And Segmentation In Practice Essay Example

Marketing Concept And Segmentation In Practice Essay The success of business in small and large organizations is based on the ability to build a growing body of satisfied customers. Enterpreneurs must focus their efforts on indentifying, satisfying and follow up on the customers needs. Marketing emphasize what the customer wants. * Marketing as a definition We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Concept And Segmentation In Practice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Concept And Segmentation In Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Concept And Segmentation In Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. Indentify the wants and needs of the customers and coordinaretly create products to satisfy these needs profitably and efficiently. 2. The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, place (distribution), ideas, goals and services to create exchanges that satisfy objectives. Through this assignment I will examine the implications of different marketing concept elements in one of the fast growing national drug companies in UAE that is J.D.S [ Julphur Drug Stores]. Executive Summary: J.D.S Or Julphur drug store is a fast growing national drug company which has a lot of activities in UAE Market, mainly manufacturing and selling different types of drugs in national and internation market. A study on the J.D.S Marketing Practice was done through this assigment on one of the J.D.S strategic products that is Julmentine. J.D.S has made a great effort in collecting information about competitors by dealing with a reasearch company and other ways mentioned through this study also J.D.S identify the unsatisfied needs in the market and try to match them with the specific characteristics of Julmentine dosage forms. J.D.S gets feedback from the market about Julmentine from different types of customers and respond to them as fast as possible. Market segmentation was done according to geographical segmentation and further segmentation is done in each target segment according to different variables. Each target Market has its own specific marketing mix of different dosage forms from Jumentive, different promotion intensity, different quantities from the product and suitable prices in each target market. Positioning of Julmetive in UAE Market was done very well through its unique Tablet pack and suspension flavor. Still there is a need to give more efforts in the services offered from J.D.S to its customers buying J.D.S products in UAE market, so that J.D.S may become a star company in the drug market in UAE. Table Of Contents TABLE - Julphur is a promising drug company in U.A.E market which competes through it products, other national and international drug companies products in its quality and price. Julemntive is one of the J.D.S stratgic products manufactured by J.D.S factories and coming in three dosage forms :- TABLE- (1) In general there are two types of competition between drug companies. [a] Product Competition The competition that occurs between subtituted products For Julmentine competitors from this kind are th products produced by other drug companies and have the same active ingredient of that of Julmentine. [b] Category Competition Which occurs between different products but targets the same people In this case the competitors of Julmentine are in general all types of anti-biotics available in the market from different companies which can cure all infections treated and cared by Julmentine. The next table presents all product competitors of Julmentine in the Market Of UAE. - TABLE J.D.S deals with [M.I.S]: Medical Information Index Which is an international copmany all other drug companies in UAE and in the world are purchasing information from. M.I.S Gives J.D.S a clear information about: (1) The sales of different products of each drug company in UAE and in the world in both value and units. (2) The market share of each product of each company in UAE Global Market. (3) The Rank of companies in the world according to their sales. (4) The Rank of the products of top sales in UAE Market and Global Market. *According to Market share in UAE the rank was as follows: 1. Augmentine 4. Curam 2. Klavox 5. Amodeus 3. Julmentine 6. Enhancin Augmentine - is the oldest brand competitor of Julmentine. Some doctors still prefer to prescribe an International company product than a national one, especially in invenestment private hospitals. -Klavox is a generic competitor of Julmentine. They have a higher market share than that of Julmentine because they give the pharmacies (general customers) a higher bonus than other competitors may reach up to 70% (100+70) for some items. They have a limited number of products to work on than in the market. Klavox is a strategic product for Spimaco, which has only four products in the market. Spimaco also achieved this high market share of Klavox by positioning Klavox as it contains the same raw material of that of Augmentine, but with damaged box and less price. Julmentine keeps its bonus low, nearly similar to that of Augmentine (brand competitor) so that they can achieve their target profit from this product. This target of sales of germantin last year was $3 million. J.D.S achieved 103% of the sales target last year. J.D.S also gather information of big competitors from other pharmacies, doctors, other companies, medical and sales representives in the market dealing with J.D.S team. J.D.S will know from them the different activies of competitors such as educating lectures, sales offers in hotels, presents to doctors and pharmacies etc. (1) J.D.S has a marketing coordinator, his job is to give sales reports in each month and sometimes in each week, for each product in J.D.S. Both unit and money wise and its percentage from the total target of each year. These reports are sent to the medical representitives and to the supervisors in the company. (2) He will give a report on the number of doctors each medical representitive (medical rep.) is visiting them in each month and should give a list on each doctors and units. Opening in each medical rep. area, to put them in the visiting plan of the medical rep. in that area (updating the plan). (3) He is responsible for segmenting the geographical areas for the medical rep. Now, its just another point. J.D.S managers gets their information about the development in marketing environment from other companies medical rep., or the the managers of other drug companies, with good relations with the product managers of J.D.S. Meeting them in medical events or even famous coffee shops where medical teams of all drug companies usually meet. J.D.S has a drug information office. Its job is to make reasearch about the bioequilants of Julphur products (such as Julmentine), and compare it to the bioequilants of the brand competitors and category competitor brands in market and send these information to the concerned departments in J.D.S. Comments and recommendations on Julmentine competitors: J.D.S team made a great effort in gathering information from different resources about the competitors and the development in marketing environment. They use the research method through dealing with M.I.S Drug information office, they use the internal record system though the information is prepared by the marketing coordinator in J.D.S. They use also the marketing intelligence system, the one which should be improved by educating the managers to collect further information about the development of marketing environment from newspapers, publications, scanning websites to see different changes that occurs globally in the marketing environment and choose the best of it that fits UAEs market and J.D.S products and try to implicate them. (4) What are different customer needs? In general, The fundamental idea of marketing that Organizations survive and proper through meeting the needs and wants of customers. The marketing concept is about matching the companies capabilities with customer wants. The customers for J.D.S and specifically for Julmentine are 1. Doctors who prescribe Julmentine. 2. Pharmacies who buy and sell Julmentine. 3. Patients who use Julmentine to get cured. J.D.S takes in consideration before launcing Julmentine in UAE market different information collected from the MIS sheet, about how many competitors to Julmentine in the UAE market, their market share, what are the different needs in the market that Julmentine can satisfy, such as lower price and good quality, while other competitors cannot for ex; Augmentine which offers high-quality to high-priced product. When the medical rep. of J.D.S working on Julmentine visits doctors, they will hear to doctors needs, which Julmentine can satisfy. * For ex: Dentists want to write Julmentine for three days only, rather than seven days which is the normal course of Julmentine. Thus Julmentine can be sold by tablet to customers as they are not in need of full box of Julmentine tablets containing 20 tablets per box, and by selling Julmentine by tablets, they satisfy doctors needs. * Another example in labour areas labourers usually ask from doctors to prescribe cheap medicines for them than the first need of doctors in such areas is to prescribe a lower price. Antibiotics This need can also be satisfied by Julmentine being at high quality. Antibiotic compared to lower prices compared to its competitors. * Pharmacies usually ask medical reps. for extra bonus on Julmentine orders over than listed in bonus sheet. Medical reps. can satisfy these needs by giving the pharmacist extra bonus from their own medical samples given to them. * E.N.T doctors usually writing the antibiotics for 8 days. That means that the patient is in need of a number of tablets higher than those available in one box, but lower than the total number of tablets of two boxes which is very costly. This need is satisfied by selling Julmentine tablets in strips, which was more economical and satisfying the doctors need to give the antibiotic doze for 7 days only in exact number of tablets not more or less. Each strip contains 8 tablets rather than 10. Comments on recommendations on customer needs There is no market research carried out by J.D.S team, to identify customer needs, but they use the informations coming from research companies about the competitors in the market and J.D.S team try their best to satisfy the customer needs in the market other competitors are not satisfying them. Notice from the M.I.S sheet J.D.S team should carry out a market research maybe in a questionnaire form to identify the needs of new customers in the market and try to satisfy them to increase Julmentine market share in UAE markets. A great effort is done to identify the needs through the direct contact of JDS medical rep. with doctors and pharmacists and through the toll-free offered by drug information offices, and this all helps JDS to develop Julmentine as a product that meets the needs of customers. (5) Do Customers give feedback on Julmentine? General notice on feedback: Feedback : The meaning of the word is when you feed you must ave a feedback. This is the same as when you feed the market with products you should have a feedback because it is a tool of indication of corrections. Feedback also means the response or reaction fom the target audience which is made by research. J.D.S medical reps. tries their best to collect the feedback on Julmentine dosage forms from the target customers in the market. Through their direct contact with doctors, medical reps. receive doctors compaints about the pack of Julmentine tablet when it was first launched. Julmentine tablet was packed in a dark glass bottled filled with 20 tablets altogether. Tablets in this packaging form are not protected from humidity and light through opening and closing the bottle with each dose. , which was a negative feed on Julmentine the JDS has responded to this complaint by changing the pack of Julmentine tablet from a glass bottle into Aluminium straps each strap contains 5 tablets and can be seperated as a unit dose tablets taken as a single dose alone when travelling to far areas and as each tablet in the aluminium strap pack is protected from light humidity. Through the toll-free in drug information department some customers (patients) gives suggestions or copmaints (feedback) about JDS products like Julmentine. For Ex; the difficulty to carry the old glass bottle pack of Julmentine tablets which contains the 20 tablets with the employee to work so that he will not miss a dose while is one work this problem was solved when Julmentine tablet shifted to the new aluminium strap pack which gives the flexibility for employees to take one strap of Julmentine or even one tablet with him to work instead of the heavy old glass bottle. Patients will give a positive or negative feedback to pharmacist in private pharmacies As they will talk about their experience in using Julmentine full treatment course which usually is successful when it is used with the right frequency and duration. These information are collected by medical rep. from their direct contact with the pharmacist. Comments Recommendations on Julmentine feedback: JDS team do get feedback from the market through difference ways explained before JDS by this way setup a customer advisory panel which helps the firm to learn more about customers need from Julmentine as a product and the customers (patients, doctors pharmacists) feel closer to the firm (JDS) that listen to their comments. A great effort is done in this area by JDS team . (6) Segmenting the UAE market by JDS team. Segmentation: is the process that divides the market into target audience with simliar characters and needs. Segmentation is a common marketing practice whereby customers are placed into different grouping on basis of demographic, geographic, psychographic or other characteristics. Different segments often have different or unique needs, segmentation helps marketers because different segments often require tailored marketing programs. JDS has segmented the UAE market using Area Segmentation. Area Segmentation or Geographical Segmentation is used by JDS to segment the UAE market according to the number of medical reps. in JDS. According to this segmentation, each medical rep. in the company will have an equal number of doctors in that area. His job is to visit them. According to this segmentation and the size of the population in target areas the sales target was divided into two (1) 60% of the sales target should be collected from Dubai Northern Emirates (high population large area) (2) Segmenting the target area according to the activities of doctors in that area (pediatrition, urologists, etc) and their interest in writing Julmentine molecule (active ingredient) (3) Further segmentation according to the products, what type of product the doctor is going to prescribe. Pediatrician will write suspension forms, denstists will write tablet suspension forms. (4) In each target market further sales segmentation occurs in distributing the target from different dosage forms. From the area in Jumeirah, Julmentine target sales should be 2000 units divied as follows: Julmentine Tablets 375mg 800 units Julmentine Tablets 625mg 400 units Julmentine Tablets 156mg 200 units Julmentine Tablets 312mg 400 units Julmentine Tablets 0.5mg 100 units Julmentine Tablets 0.6mg 100 units * Recommendations or Comments on Segmentation The geographical segmentation of UAE market is the best segmentation for drug companies especially in JDS As area is segmented according to the number of medical reps. in the company. But using other variables for further segmentation in each target are a is also possible and can be done. The geographical segment or Areas can be further segmented according to income and social class of the population within this area (demographics of population). This further segmentation may help JDS to identify and reach specific target groups within each target segment so they can achieve higher product penetration and market shares in the target market Julmentine. (7) Marketing Mix Existance Marketing Mix or the (4Ps) are: (1) Price: Which means how much our products will cost. (2) The product: which means what we are going to give (3) Promotion: The element that invovles policies and procedures related to personl selling, advertising, publicity and budget trade promotion. (4) Place: Which means where we are going to give. * The (4Ps) for Julmentine dosage forms can be analyzed as follows: (1) * The Price: The drugs prices in general are the same in all target markets as they are set by the Ministry Of Health for each product dosage form and it is fixed through all UAE market acitivities. * Products : According to the type of doctors activities in target segments. Some of Julmentine dosage forms will be prescribed and some of them will not. For Ex; An Area where this a Paeditrician the suspension dosage form of Julmentine will be fast moving while Julmentine tablet will be at a slower rate. * Promotions: In any geographical area Potential doctors Class A should be visited 3 times per month , while less potential doctors will be visited only once a month. The number of doctor visits per month is specific to each doctor in each target market. * Advertising is not allowed by the Ministry Of Health for any drug product in any company but only some sales promotions can be made from time to time by setting offers of bonus on large quantities. * Place: Julmentine in its different dosage forms is placed are in pharmacies near potential doctors or where high counter sales, there near residential areas. Only the fast moving dosage forms should be available in high quanitity in such target areas, while other dosage forms of Julmentine moving at a slower rate should be in limited quantities. * Recommendations Comments on the 4Ps of Julmentine -JDS team do segment the market and specify each target market with its own specific marketing mix. Different products are distributed in different areas also different promotion intesnity in each target area according to doctors classfication in that one, different quantities of th products different areas according to its movement. JDS is doing very well in differenciating the marketing mix in each target market. (8) Adjusting the Marketing Mix of Julmentine In Different Target Market * In Labour Residential Areas The medical reps. will seed this area with the lower price Julmentine tablets (375mg) and will give pharmacies in these areas extra bonus on large quantities to lower the cost on pharmacies and patients as well so that Julmentine will be at economical prices in these area for customer. Also, in these areas the doctors need to prescribe drugs at lower prices to patients from laboursers. So the medical reps. of JDS will start to persuade the doctor to prescribe Julmentine 375mg in straps instead of full boxes, so that it will be at a lower price to the patients. * In these exampes JDS promotional team adjust their product, price and promotion according to the needs of this target segment in the market. In each target market and for each doctor in this area, medical representatives try to identify the needs of doctors in a specific product or drug. By asking the doctors open end and close end question they will identify his needs. Some doctors concerned about the price of the product and some of them concerned about the patients compliance to the dose the medical reps. choose the product (or dosage form) hat will satisfy his needs and he will make an intense promotion on them. According to the type of doctor activity in any target area the medical reps. will choose the product (or dosage form) that can be prescribed more by the doctor and promote it. Like paediatricians mostly they will see patients from children, so the medical reps. will start to promote Julmentine suspension to the dcotor. Also according to the activity of the doctors in the (each target segment), the medical reps. will determine how many times to visit him in each month if he is potential 3 visits/month. If he is not potential, once per month by that, he will adjust the intensity of promotion to that doctor. * Recommendations Or Comments JDS team reached a high level in adjusting the marketing mix of each target markets as described earlier For each drug they will adjust the product he wish to prescribe. His concern about price is satisfied and the intensity of promotion to this doctor and the placing of different products in different areas. JDS should keep maintaining the same level in adjusting the marketing mix in all target market segments. (9) Positioning Of Julmentine Positioning the product is translating the product features into consumer benefits, so that people see it satifies their pressing needs. Then position the product in peoples mind in a way that differenciates it from all of the other competitors. People will be compelled to buy, because they can never forget the sales message of the product. JDS team do their bset in positioning Julmentine in the mind of prescribing doctors. -They position Julmentine tablet form as n (Alu-Alu technique) products. As the tablets are packed in double aluminium foil straps, to pretect the tablets from humidity and light. They position Julmentinetablets in straps as its flexibility that can be dispensed according to the number of tablet the doctor want to prescribe his patient. As Julmentine staps contain 5 tablets, it can be seperated easily into single tablets covered by double aluminium foil. They give doctors wireless mouses as giveways and they position them as they have the flexibility in motion as Julmentine tablet. Julmentine suspension was also positioned in doctors mind as it is the only brand which is available ind ark colour bottles, protected from light, as all other brands available in transparent glass bottles and their colours may change at the end of treatment course. Also, Julmentine Suspension is the only brand coming in strawberry-cherry taste and its taste will continue to be the same until the last-dose while other brands have the banana taste which will be ain a better taste at athe last doses. Recommendation Comments on Positioning Of Julmentine JDS catch the essence of positioning Julmentine in the market by being the best brand with its doubted foiled aluminium packs for tablet and its flexibility to be given to customers by tablet. They grab the unoccupied position of cherry-strawberry taste of Julmentine Suspension while other brands have the banana taste. They also try to strengthen the Julmentine currrent position in the customers mind through connecting the flexibility of wireless mouse given as presents with the flexibility of Julmentine tablet straps. JDS should keep promoting the idea that is the club with the best. (10) Service offered by JDS Vs Its product aspects JDS is a company that offers tangible good with accompanying services [50% for the goods 50% for service] JDS services offered when the customer purscahse goods from them as follows: (1) Free of charge delivery of all ordered items to any place in UAE (2) Easy online ordering through the toll-free. (3) Damaged items are replacedwhen the defects coming from JDS. (4) Expired items can be replaced by an amount equal to 10% of each new order until it is totally replaced. (5) Payment is on credit for 3 months * Sometimes JDS has service problems especially in the delivery of goods to customers. There is always a delay in delivery of goods to customers. Other services offered by JDS are: (1) Educating lecturers in hotels for both pharmacists and doctors on JDS products followed by dinner. (2) They add the number of lines to toll-freeto become 3 times for toll-free in the company for any compaints or suggestions on JDS products. (3) There is a website for JDS on internet presenting all information about JDs and its products. (4) Protential doctors are invited to symposiums on the sponers of JDS to promote them to prescribe JDS products. (5) Pharmacists pushing JDS products on the counter in potential pharmacises may get a golden coin or tickets from JDS to motivate them to push JDS products on the counter. * Recommendations Comments on different services offered by JDS compared to its products. -JDS can improve their delivery service to customres by increasing the number of vehicles used in service and increase the number of workers in delivery line to satisfy the customer needs of fast delivery of the goods..as many other drug copmanies do in UAE market. JDS may improve the replacement of expired goods. By replacing the expired items install amount without the need for a new order from the pharmacy or the customer inorder to replace other expired items. Or it may ask its customers to return back their nearly expired items before 3 or 6 months from their date of expiry. Which is a strategy applioed in other drug stores in UAE. Still in this field JDS need to exert more effort to satisfy its customer needs. (11) Conclusion: JDS or Julphur drug store According to the different marketing elements I pass through them in this assignment.. I found that JDS is correctly implicating all marketing concepts elements successfully. It tries its best to perform at higher business performance levels, but still it needs to exert more effort in certain areas of its practice. But generally, it is moving fast towards being a star company in the national international drug market.

I vs. Me

I vs. Me I vs. Me I vs. Me By Maeve Maddox Some personal pronouns have two forms, one that is used as the subject of a verb and one that is used as the object of a verb or preposition. Subject forms: I, he, she, we, they My sister and I live in Texas. We raise chickens. (subject forms) Jack and she moved to Paris. They love it there. (subject forms) Object forms: me, him, her, us, them Mary gave me your address. (indirect object of a verb) The neighbors invited my wife and me to dinner. (object of a verb) We met him at the movies. We met her there too. We like them. (objects of a verbs) Jack writes to him every day. We went with them. (objects of prepositions) Presumably, these distinctions are taught to children in school. Supposedly, teachers and other school personnel model this usage to the students. Yet this is what we hear all around us: â€Å"Me and my friends went to Miami.† â€Å"The Governor invited my wife and I to dinner.† Those of us who know and care that I is a subject word and me is an object word react to such usage with feelings–if not cries–of outrage, but they continue. Actors portraying psychologists, FBI agents, and medical examiners declare, â€Å"Me and my colleagues interviewed the suspect.† â€Å"Him and his girlfriend were seen on the balcony.† â€Å"Make a reservation for Megan and I.† Don’t the actors know better even if the scriptwriters are semi-literate? The answer may well be that both actors and scriptwriters â€Å"know better,† but don’t care. They may desire to speak in a nonstandard way to show their freedom from what they regard as stuffy rule-following convention. On the other hand, they may not â€Å"know better.† They may genuinely believe that it’s correct to use Me as a subject and I as an object in a compound, even though they would never use them that way when the subject or object is not a compound. With grammatical constructions–as with Big Lies–if we hear them often enough, they will eventually â€Å"sound right.† Language changes inexorably from generation to generation. Pronouns alter more slowly than any other part of speech, but they do change. English once had three pronoun numbers: singular, dual, and plural. We lost the dual form early on. The singular second person pronoun thou and its forms thee, thy and thine dropped out of popular speech in the 16th century. (The Quakers retained some of the usage.) The second person plural went through some changes before settling on you for both singular and plural. Before you won as the all-purpose second person pronoun, ye was the subject form and you was the object form. The distinction was still being observed in the KJV translation of the Bible, but in popular speech, ye and you were becoming muddled: No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you. 1611 translation of Job 12:2 A southwest wind blow on ye And blister you all over! Shakespeare’s The Tempest, c.1611. As painful as the thought is to those of us who care, the mix-up of me and I in compound subjects and objects may become the norm. What do you think? Is there any way to reverse the trend? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Cannot or Can Not?Sentence Adverbs

How to Find Your Birth Parent or Child

How to Find Your Birth Parent or Child It is estimated that 2% of the U.S. population, or about 6 million Americans, are adoptees. Including biological parents, adoptive parents, and siblings, this means that 1 in 8 Americans are directly touched by adoption. Surveys show that a large majority of these adoptees and birth parents have, at some point, actively searched for biological parents or children separated by adoption. They search for many different reasons, including medical knowledge, the desire to know more about the individuals life, or a major life event, such as the death of an adoptive parent or the birth of a child. The most common reason given, however, is genetic curiosity - a desire to find what a birth parent or child looks like, their talents, and their personality. Whatever your reasons for deciding to start an adoption search, it is important to realize that it will most likely be a difficult, emotional adventure, full of amazing highs and frustrating lows. Once youre ready to undertake an adoption search, however, these steps will help you get started on the journey. How to Begin an Adoption Search The first objective of an adoption search is to discover the names of the birth parents who gave you up for adoption, or the identity of the child you relinquished. What do you already know? Just like a genealogy search, an adoption search begins with yourself. Write down everything you know about your birth and adoption, from the name of the hospital in which you were born to the agency which handled your adoption.Approach your adoptive parents. The best place to turn next is your adoptive parents. They are the ones most likely to hold possible clues. Write down every bit of information they can provide, no matter how insignificant it may seem. If you feel comfortable, then you can also approach other relatives and family friends with your questions.Collect your information in one place. Gather together all available documents. Ask your adoptive parents or contact the appropriate government official for documents such as an amended birth certificate, petition for adoption, and the final decree of adoption.Medical historyHealth statusCause of and age at deathHeight, weight, eye, hair colorEthnic originsLevel of educationProfessional achievementR eligion Ask for your non-identifying information. Contact the Agency or the State that handled your adoption for your non-identifying information. This non-identifying information will be released to the adoptee, adoptive parents, or birth parents, and may include clues to help you in your adoption search. The amount of information varies depending upon the details that were recorded at the time of the birth and adoption. Each agency, governed by state law and agency policy, releases what is considered appropriate and non-identifying, and may include details on the adoptee, adoptive parents, and birth parents such as: on some occasions, this non-identifying information may also include the parents ages at time of birth, the age and sex of other children, hobbies, general geographical location, and even the reasons for the adoption.Sign up for adoption registries. Register in State and National Reunion Registries, also known as Mutual Consent Registries, which are maintained by the government or private individuals. These registries work by allowing each member of the adoption triad to register, hoping to be matched with someone else who might be searching for them. One of the best is the International Soundex Reunion Registry (ISRR). Keep your contact information updated and re-search registries on a regular basis. Join an adoption support group or mailing list. Beyond supplying much needed emotional support, adoption support groups can also provide you with information concerning current laws, new search techniques, and up-to-date information. Adoption search angels may also be available to assist with your adoption search.Hire a confidential intermediary. If youre very serious about your adoption search and have the financial resources (there is usually a substantial fee involved), consider petitioning for the services of a Confidential Intermediary (CI). Many states and provinces have instituted intermediary or search and consent systems to allow adoptees and birth parents the ability to contact each other through mutual consent. The CI is given access to the complete court and/or agency file and, using the information contained in it, attempts to locate the individuals. If and when contact is made by the intermediary, the person found is given the option of allowing or refusing contact by t he party searching. The CI then reports the results to the court; if the contact has been refused that ends the matter. If the person located agrees to contact, the court will authorize the CI to give the name and current address of the person sought to the adoptee or birth parent. Check with the state in which your adoption occurred as to the availability of a Confidential Intermediary System. Once youve identified the name and other identifying information on your birth parent or adoptee, your adoption search can be conducted in much the same way as any other search for living people.

Finance for non finance managers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance for non finance managers - Assignment Example 40 million from the debt market. Using debt to run the business has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages Debt is a low cost capital. Using debt the company does not have to pay tax on it. Hence the company will have to pay less tax overall. Using debt the Earning per share of the company fluctuates more than using only equity as the source of capital. Hence during good times the Earning per share of the company will rise much higher than when the company use only equity (Tuller, 2007, p. 211). This satisfies the shareholders as they will get more in return. Hence they will always want some portion of the capital to be raised as debt. Again using debt the company don’t have to share the ownership rights with the shareholders. They don’t have to go back to the shareholders each time they need to take an important decision. All they want is to get fixed return on the investment that they have made. Again the lenders don’t have any claim on the future earnin gs. Furthermore if a debt can be paid on time, then the credit rating of the business will improve and they will readily get finance easily from the market next time they went to any financial institutions for loan. Disadvantages The company has to make regular monthly payment of instalment and interest. Barnet Solutions is going to expand in the European market for the first time. ... 176). Hence it is like a double edged sword. If the economy in the European market deteriorates the Earning per share of the company will fall down drastically. The shareholder then may ask tough questions to the management regarding their decision making process. Pure Equity The company can use Equity as the source of fund. Advantages Using Equity the company can avoid the hassle of going through the long process of applying for loan. It takes more time to raise debt than equity. It is less risky than a loan because the company will not have to pay back the obligation if they cannot afford it. The company can easily tap into its investors’ network and add more credibility to the business. The investors here takes a long term view and don’t expect and immediate return. The company also don’t need to payback if the business fails (Mason, 2010, p. 212). Disadvantages The investors can demand returns more than the interest rate the company will have to pay for debt. The investors also will require ownership of the company. They have to be consulted before making any big decision. It also takes time and effort to find the right investors for the company. Period 2012 2011 D/E 1.18 0.92 The standard Debt-equity ratio of any company is 2:1. Hence it is advisable for the company to raise fund through both debt and equity. The company can go 80:20 ratio of raising the money from the market with the majority being debt and other being equity. Hence the company can raise ? 32 million from the debt market and ? 8 million from the equity market. After using the above capital the debt equity ratio will become Period 2012 2011 D/E 1.28 1.04 This shows that the company will be well within the standards limits of the Debt-Equity ratio. Answer 2 The

The Concept of Bureaucracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Concept of Bureaucracy - Essay Example These symptoms characterize the conduct disorder. Cartier’s mother sent him to a treatment home for the troubled children when he was seven years old (Stillman 62). At sixteen years, Cartier’s father took care of him after receiving care in several state-supported treatment institutions. Cartier joined a dangerous gang after dropping out of school where he recorded numerous criminal charges throughout Massachusetts. His relationships with women matched his violent and deviant conduct he displayed to the society. Before Cartier dated Lardner, he had a relationship with Ryan Rose, which turned violent when it began (Stillman 65). Cartier turned mentally and physically abusive and violent to Ryan and regularly threatened her safety on many instances. After terminating their relationship, Ryan sought a restraint order against Cartier who was on probation at the time (Stillman 67). Cartier’s probation officer directed a warrant for his immediate apprehension. Cartier would serve a prison sentence of a year and three months soon after his arrest but served only six months. Cartier continued pestering Ryan while in the penitentiary and continued transgressing the restraining order. On his release, the Essex County administrators further apprehended him for a previous transgression of his probation, but they gave him a shortened sentence. The relationship between Cartier and Lardner matched that of him with Ryan. Kristin sought for protection from the police force and the criminal justice entity (Stillman 64). Kristin’s safety was under constant jeopardy brought about by poor bureaucratic decisions from multiple agencies. Such bureaucracies failed through utilizing their own standardized practice procedures. The case study for how Kristin died reveals several core decisions that bureaucracies such as public administrators and street-level bureaucrats made and that contributed to Kristin’s

Comparison Of Nuclear Power And Fossil Fuels Environmental Sciences Essay

Comparison Of Nuclear Power And Fossil Fuels Environmental Sciences Essay In todays world there are various ways of producing energy. In the past most of the energy came from fossil fuels; fossil fuels were always used to produce energy because they were cheap and available in vast amounts. Nowadays, because of the limited amount of fossil fuels around the world and the high prices people have started to utilize other ways of producing energy. Nuclear power is one of the many resources now being used in order to keep the use of fossil fuels down. In this paper I will discuss fossil fuels, nuclear power and the advantages and disadvantages of both. What are fossil fuels? Coal, gas, and oil are the three main fossil fuels. They have been formed from the organic remains of prehistoric plants and animals more than 300 million years ago. According to Energy and the Environment, fuel refers to anything that can be burned as a source of energy; therefore, fossil fuels are the remains of animals and plants that have formed into materials that can be burned. The type of fossil fuel created depends on the kind of plants or animals and the amount of heat and pressure. The energy stored in fossil fuels originally came from the sun. When we burn fossil fuels, we release that stored energy. All the across world fossil fuels are the most widely used type of energy; fossil fuels have been used to generate power for almost everything that one uses. Among all of the fossil fuels, natural gas and oil are more commonly used because they are rather easy to transport, they have low emissions, and are easy to handle. It has been said that, except fo r coal, the supply of the other fossil fuels are sure to be depleted in a few decades. As of right now, according to Wikipedia- Fossil fuels supply close to 86% of the worlds energy. This is a large percentage of energy to be supplied by just fossil fuels. As I have already stated, we are currently in an energy crisis and fossil fuels are the lifeblood of our society and for many others around the world. Our supply is slowly coming to an end, which is why we have become more than willing to go to war for it and make friends with those whom we really hate. Lately the former Soviet Union and many of the countries in the Middle East are in our good favor strictly because of the oil reserves that they have. Our foreign aid has a legitimate purpose. Even though we have befriended our enemies, fossil fuels will run out and the use of them will soon take the lives of many people. These are important reasons to find other means of getting the energy we need to continue our society as we know it. So what options do we have? Alternative forms of energy are currently under development even though most of them are only in their initial stages. With more help from the government and public support, we may be able to speed up the development of these technologies and help free ourselves from the mast amount of usage of fossil fuels. http://www.myclimatechange.net/UserImage/3/Definition/WorldEnergyConcemption19652005-1.jpg This is definitely a serious problem, and as inhabitants of the world we must all come together and try to resolve the problem at hand. Even though some scientist put a time span on how much longer they think that fossil fuels are going to last, no one really knows. It will all depend on how well we manage our energy demands along with how well we can develop and use renewable energy sources. Nuclear power is energy which is produced with the use of a controlled nuclear reaction. Many nations use nuclear power plants to generate electricity for both civilian and military use, and some nations also utilize nuclear power to run parts of their naval fleets, especially submarines. Some people favor an expansion of nuclear power plants because this form of energy is considered cleaner than fossil fuels such as coal. Nuclear power does indeed come with a number of proble.ms that must be addressed, most importantly being the safe disposal of radioactive waste products. According to Energy and the Environment, The entire physical world is made of atoms; the word atom is derived from the Greek word atomos which means invisible. Atoms, the smallest component of any element, contains enormous energy. When it is split a process called fission, this energy is released in the forms of tremendous heat and light. It is this energy that was released on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, by two separate atom bombs in 1945 that led to the conclusion of World War II. This horrific scene created by those two bombs led the international community to condemn any further use of atomic weapons. Still, engineers, governments and scientists realized that if the atoms energy could be controlled and harnessed, it would revolutionize the worlds energy markets and provide significant electricity reserves to help meet the worlds energy demands. It was even envisioned that it could one day replace the need for fossil fuels. As a result, the first usable electricity from nuclear fission was produced at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory in 1951. Nuclear energy requires sources of radioactive elements found naturally in our environment and manmade with which to create the nuclear fission process that splits the atoms. Uranium is the most common and most used of these elements. The only other available sources that are used for nuclear energy is Plutonium and Thorium. Plutonium is not naturally occurring. Thus, the Plutonium used in nuclear reactors is man-made, coming from a nuclear reactor. According to the Ecology Global Network, Thorium, though not yet a mainstream nuclear energy supply source, is being heavily studied and applied as a safer, cleaner alternative to Uranium. Still, Uranium is king as the premiere provider of nuclear energy. Perhaps the greatest challenge facing nuclear energy production after any potential for nuclear disasters similar to the 1986 Chernobyl event is the disposal of the highly radioactive wastes. Because it can take up to 10,000 years for these materials to fully break down into harmless elements the challenge is to store them safely for at least that length of time. Even though it is possible, where and how are still major issues. Exploitable Uranium supplies still pose some short-term challenges. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the worlds economically exploitable Uranium reserves are likely to last between 35 and 63 years, depending on whether demand is such as to justify the higher cost of mining less easily exploitable reserves. Still, in consideration of the power that can be generated by Uranium and the burgeoning global energy demands, many governments are placing more emphasis on nuclear energy. The largest user of nuclear energy is the United States, followed by France, Japan, Germany and the Russian Federation. In the US alone, the nations 103 nuclear power plants each generate an average of around 20 tons of radioactive spent fuel a year. Spent fuel now sits in cooling pools and temporary storage areas waiting for somebody to figure out what to do with it. When you begin to compare fossil fuels to nuclear energy you are able to see that there are many advantages and disadvantages of both. Just because we have used fossil fuels for most of the worlds energy doesnt mean that we should continue to use what supply of it we have left. Even though nuclear energy is not yet as popular as the use of fossil fuels there definitely has been and will continue to be, a rise in its use. Advantage of Fossil Fuels Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels Easily distributed Probable contributor to global warming Inexpensive production Cause of acid rain Capacity to generate huge amounts of electricity in just a single location Questionable availability of some fuels Simple combustion process can directly heat or generate electricity Major increase in prices Compared to: Advantages of Nuclear power Disadvantages of Nuclear Power No Greenhouse Gases High initial cost because plant requires containment safeguards No Criteria Pollutants Waste products can be used to manufacture weapons Lowest impacts on the environment Possibility of nuclear meltdown from uncontrolled reaction Lowest cost producer of base load electricity Nuclear reactors only last for about forty to fifty years. After we look at and analyze both fossil fuels, and nuclear energy we notice that both types of energies have their pros and cons. There is no way that anyone could say that there is a major difference in the two that would lead one to believe that one is better than the other. As I have already stated, fossil fuels are definitely a great energy producer. When large amounts of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil are available production can be easily done at a low cost with little or no problems. But as we know, because the availability of fossil fuels is now lessening, we have no other choice than to find alternative energy sources, thus being the case nuclear energy is a very good choice. According to the Nuclear Energy Institute Clean Air Energy, Nuclear energy is Americas largest source of clean-air, carbon-free electricity, producing no greenhouse gases or air pollutants, nuclear power plants aid compliance with the Clean Air Act of 1970, which set standards to improve the nations air quality. This statement says a lot about Nuclear Energy and is really able to show readers just how effective using nuclear energy can be. In conclusion, even though I believe that fossil fuels have served us greatly while they have been around in a plentiful supply; I think we now need to come out from the state we are in, one that relies fully on fossil fuels alone. We need to venture out and try new means of energy production; new means such as nuclear power. I believe that even though nuclear power may have some high initial costs it is well worth it. As Ross Garnaut said, A revolution in humanitys use of fossil fuel-based energy would be necessary sooner or later to sustain and to extend modern standards of living. It will be required sooner if we are to hold the risks of climate change to acceptable levels. The costs that we bear in making an early adjustment will bring forward, and reduce for future times, the costs of the inevitable eventual adjustment away from fossil fuels. Reference Page Cohen, Bernard L. The Nuclear Energy Option. Plenum, 1990. The Ecology Global Network | Ecology News and Information for Residents of Planet Earth. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. . Nuclear Energy Institute Clean-Air Energy. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. . Toossi, Reza. Energy and the Environment-Sources, technologies, and impacts. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, CA: VerVe Inc., 2008 Wikipedia. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. .

Communication and Basic Interpersonal Needs Essay

In, today society we communicate in several ways through verbal communication, text or email, listening and even body language. I would say our most common communication is demonstrated through body language. Interpersonal communication and conflicts tend to happen in our daily lives with emotional connections to anyone we would meet. Everyone has point’s in time that a conflict of interest, points of view are difference in the way one should behave. According to K.Sole, interpersonal communication is the process of exchanging messages, usually between two people, to create and share meaning. † In the movie â€Å"Hitch† one is shown that    through nonverbal communication, how the characters listen to themselves as well as one another and through the changing perceptions of the characters. At the beginning of the movie we are introduced to Alex Hitchens who is considered the â€Å"date doctor†; he gives a narrative on how we as women may say one thing with our mouth but in our head and hearts we want the guy to try harder to make a stronger connection in the relationship . In the first examples of the opposite sex interactions we see three different men who have tried to get the interest of three different women but have failed on their own. Hitch, teaches the men how to have confidence, play to their characteristics, and to really listen to what the women are really saying with their objections and to go beyond the normal to sweep you love interest off her feet. The main interpersonal conflict in the movie Hitch is the miscommunication and misunderstanding between the characters and their relationships: Sarah and Alex and Allegra and Albert. In the beginning Hitch states how sixty percent of all our communication is told through our body language along with how communication is the most important aspect of any relationship and how communication builds the relationship or how the of lack of communication can destroy the relationship. â€Å"Hitch† demonstrates how relationships can be complicated, but by expanding our knowledge and learning of new skills. We can improve our lives with interpersonal relationships. There are three basic interpersonal needs that are satisfied through interactions with others. These needs are becoming involved with others, affection or ,holding emotions for a person, and having control to influence others. These needs can be fulfilled through a complementary or symmetrical relationship. A complementary relationship, â€Å"is a relationship between people who are unequal in status or authority and a symmetrical relationship are relationship where the participants are equal to each other, or are highly similar†, and the differences in communication people tend to develop interpersonal conflicts. Romantic relationships have aspects of both relationship styles. Throughout the movie interpersonal conflict is demonstrated within the relationships of Alex and Sarah. In the movie their relationship takes a turn for the end when Sarah discovers that he is the so-called date doctor and whom she believes is responsible for her best friend being dumped. After, that she sets out to expose him which causes some friction in his most recent client’s Albert’s relationship with Allegra. Sarah felt that Hitch was giving the men on advice how to hide their real intentions when dating the women only to falsely cause the women to fall in love with men. The conflict continues when Hitch tries to explain exactly what he does is only prepare the men on how to communicate effectively with the opposite sex. I do believe if Sarah and Hitch would have only listened to one another that a great deal of their conflict could have been avoided. If you are going to be in a relationship you need to be prepared to communicate your thoughts and feelings to have any successful relationship.